口语part1和part3常见题型的备考方法
今天为大家分享口语part1和part3常见题型的备考方法
一．细节内容提供法，丰富答案的内容和详细度（part1）
很多同学反应，在备考雅思口语的时候，不知道怎么扩展话题，使自己的答案“言之有物”。
这种情况往往会发生在part1中，因为part1的题目一般都较为简单，且内容都是与日常生活相关。考生们往往对如何在这种情况下进行“小事化大”，“化简为繁”而烦恼。今天，我们就一起来看几种使用的方法。
01
解释说明法
这种方法常用，也容易运用，其原理就是对一些名词进行解释说明，即默认对方不知道具体的含义。如：
- Do you like running?
- Not really, I prefer jogging or just walking fast, because it is less tiring and good for my joints. And I’ve got a perfect spot for it, Xinbei Central Park, a public park in the center of the district of Changzhou where I live.
上文中“a public park in the center of the district of Changzhou where I live”就是一个典型的解释说明的方法。这种方法适合解释地名，人名等专有名词。一方面使得自己的答案长度有所提高，另一方面也方面考官理解更多的细节内容。
02
比较法
这种方法需要考生有较好的联想能力，一般可以对于时间前后进行比较，中外进行比较等，使得自己的答案具有深度，而且对答案的素材有较好的延伸。
如：
- Which do you use more often? Pen or pencil?
- Well, neither. I mean, I am more used to writing with a keyboard since everything can be delivered in an electronic form, which is different from the past when people could only use hard copy, so pens and pencils were the only two choices for most people.
上文中“which is different from the past when people could only use hard copy, so pens and pencils were the only two choices for most people”这个非限定性定语从句引出了过去与现在的不同，这样使得自己的答案的纵深得以延伸。大家注意，这个定语从句中还嵌套了一个when引导的定语从句，可见对于定语从句的灵活使用非常有利于对话内容进行拓展。
03
因果论证法
这种方法需要考生打通思维，对当前的讨论对象存在的“因果”进行主动表述，而不等考官具体问到再给出，有利于加强答案的内容深度。如：
- Do you like spending time alone?
- To be honest, I am so obsessed with the time by myself, because I’ve grown up all by myself for my parents were always busy with work. As a result, I can take care of myself and never feel the sense of insecurity when nobody is around.
上文的答案中，考生主动以because和as a result给出了喜欢独处的原因以及后果。这在问题中考官没有具体问到，但考生可以主动给出，提高回答的主动性。
二．part3“罗列型”回答问题的方法
这类题型的常见问法有：
Who often take care of children in a family?
What kind of people do you usually see in the news?
What public facilities does your city have? 等。
大家可以发现，这类题一般的问法都是What/ who等疑问词引导的特殊疑问句。我们发现，在以往的考生作答中，容易出现的现象是只简单列举有哪些，而忽略了答案内容之间的逻辑性，答案点之间的关联性。此外，一些考生表示这类题很难达到part3要求的每道题回答40’’左右的要求。今天我们就来介绍几种常用的方法以应对这类part3的问题。
01
中心句法
这种方法是基础的，也是推荐大家使用的，即用一个中心先来概括回答下题目，然后再进行分述。如：
- Who often take care of children in a family?
- Well, in China, those who don’t need to work will take care of children. I don’t mean that only mothers need to look after their kids. Some fathers work at home, and they have more time to stay with their kids. What’s more, in China, grandparents are always those who spent most time with the kids, because a big family is quite common in China, and both of parents need to work in majority, besides they can’t afford or just don’t trust babysitters.
本答案中，“Well, in China, those who don’t need to work will take care of children. ”即中心句。考生应该要能够比较快速地找到逻辑上的切合点来回答问题，然后为自己赢取具体举例子的时间，从而可以罗列mothers，fathers，grandparents，babysitters等具体的细节内容。
02
思维发散法
这列方法段位较高，即通过有效的思维发散，将原本的问题进行转化，从而变成自己容易掌握的回答。这类方法一般适用于考生难以在短时间内想出具体points的情况。如
- What kind of people do you usually see in the news?
- As far as I know, news media always go after those who can bring profits to them, because only those who draw public eyes can increase the media agencies’ commercial performance. They are crazy about these people’s stories, who they are seeing, how they may react to some hot topics. So, apparently, celebrities, politicians, sportsmen are only in the center of spotlight.
本题没有一开始就给出具体的答案，而是进行了必要的铺垫，分析了下新闻媒体报道一人的动机是什么，这是对问题的思路发散。考生在铺垫和分析原因的时候，可以在保证不偏题的情况下为具体的内容输出争取时间。此外，也有利于答案内容的填补，从而满足speak at length的要求。
