报告类大作文，环保类话题
The animal species are becoming extinct as a result of human activities on land and sea. What are the possible reasons and what solutions can be used to solve this problem?
题目来源：2021年9月11日亚太雅思大作文
题目大意：
人类在陆地和海洋上的活动导致动物正在灭绝。原因是什么？可以使用什么办法来解决这个问题？
思路解析：
这是一道报告类的题目，话题聊的是动物环保中比较基础的内容，人类造成动物灭绝的原因和解决办法。题目不算难，报告类的文章结构根据问什么答什么的原则，分为两个主体段，主体段一回答原因，主体段二提出解决办法。
先来看人类造成动物灭绝的原因，主要有两方面。一是人类出于食用、医用、制造服饰或收藏等目的，过度捕杀相关动物，造成其数量急剧减少，而物种本身的繁殖难以保证种群数量能恢复至合理范围，然后趋于灭绝。二是人类出于生存的需要，一方面侵占了动物的栖息地，将许多土地包括森林、湖泊等改为居住地，造成动物因为没有合适的生活环境而灭绝。另一方面在工业化进程中造成了许多环境问题也会造成动物死亡，比如全球变暖造成冰川融化，使得极地生物生存困难；而水污染会造成水中的生物因中毒或误食垃圾而死亡。
再来看解决办法，可以分别从科技、政府和个人角度出发讨论。科技的发展一方面使得人们可以使用更多清洁能源来替代化石能源，进而减少这些能源所带来的环境污染问题和气候问题。另一方面随着人们对生物学的研究深入，可以通过人工干预繁殖来保证物种的正常繁衍甚至达到种群数量增加的目的。政府层面一方面可以通过立法和制定政策来禁止人们捕杀特定物种、阻止工厂等企业污染环境。另一方面可以投资建立自然保护区，来给相应动物一个合理的生存环境。个人层面则可以增加正确的环保意识，减少使用可能造成污染的塑料制品等、更多采用绿色出行方式以及拒绝野生动物相关的非法买卖。
范文示例：
It has become a fact that the number of animal species is decreasing drastically due to human activities. There are various possible reasons but some measures can be done to tackle this problem.
There is no doubt that we human beings should be to blame for the loss of biodiversity. One of the major reasons is the reduction of living space for animals. As we have entered the era of population explosion, more and more lands and forests are turned by human beings into residential and agricultural areas, in turn destroying the habitats of animals. Moreover, toxic chemicals used by intensive farming to increase productivity contaminate water and soil, putting some animals on the verge of extinction. Another factor of the sharp reduction of species is the change of the environment due to industrial activities. As a result of global heating, a few species fail to adapt to the ever-changing environment. For example, animals in polar regions are under a tough time as the melting of ice has caused the loss of living space and food. In addition, corals in tropical areas face a high risk of blenching as the ocean becoming more acidic caused by global heating. Therefore, human activities have caused dramatic damage to the environment.
It is urgent for us to take some measures to solve the problem of species extinction. Although the development of technology has made some negative effects on the environment, it can be a solution to this problem. As a consequence of technological development, traditional fossil fuels are being replaced by clean energy including solar energy, wind energy and tidal energy, and many tech giants are developing more advanced and environmentally friendly technologies which will help reduce the emission of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. For instance, vehicles powered by electricity and hybrid energy are being accepted by the public. Secondly, we should protect habitats for endangered animals through a variety of measures, including afforestation and building natural preservation zones. Additionally, from the perspective of government, they should strengthen the efforts of law making to regulate people’s behaviors, discouraging them from discharging sewage, overhunting and imposing other harmful activities on the environment.
In a nutshell, human activities indeed played a destructive role in biodiversity. However, there are still some solutions we can take to deal with the issue of animal extinction.
相关词汇和语法结构：
the loss of biodiversity 生物多样性减少
population explosion/population boom 人口爆炸
habitat （动物）栖息地
intensive farming 集约化农业
on the verge of extinction 濒临灭绝
coral bleaching 珊瑚白化
fossil fuels 化石燃料
afforestation 植树造林
natural preservation zones 自然保护区
sewage 污水
overhunting 过度捕猎
