双边类大作文，犯罪类话题
Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Other, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
题目来源：剑7Test2大作文
题目大意
有些人认为每种犯罪都应该有固定的惩罚。然而，另一些人认为，在决定惩罚时，应始终考虑到个人犯罪的情况和犯罪动机。讨论这两种观点，并给出自己的观点。
思路解析
这是一道双边类大作文，处罚犯罪应该使用固定刑罚还是应该考量个人犯罪和动机。双边类的题目，需要对每个观点分别表达同意或反对，最终的结论就是自己立场，可以是中立（双方都同意或都反对），也可以是单边支持某一方立场。
题目理解上可能有些同学有疑问，什么是“固定刑罚”和“根据个人情况和犯罪动机”来考量？这里先给大家举个例子来便于理解，假设有一条刑罚“捕猎国家一级保护动物需要坐10年牢”。现在有一个人快饿死了，然后周围只有大熊猫，他捕杀了一头大熊猫来充饥。那么问题来了，他应该受到什么惩罚。如果不管他的处境直接判罚坐牢10年，那就是前者“固定刑罚”的观点，如果考虑到他快饿死的处境认可他进行“紧急避险”而减轻处罚或免于处罚，就是后者观点。
首先来看固定刑罚的好处，有两方面。
一是这么做能够减少执法成本，固定刑罚的条例相对简单，不需要额外的说明来考虑各种情况。法官可以依照固定刑罚快速对违法者做出判决，节省了期间反复争论的时间。
二是清晰固定的刑罚能更容易让人们记住，并且对潜在的违法者也能产生更好的震慑。固定刑法杜绝了潜在违法者的侥幸心理，他们无法通过辩解来达到减轻甚至免除处罚的目的。同时，这一定程度上也减少了他们贿赂执法者舞弊的可能性，让执法者违规减轻违法者所受到的惩罚。
然后来看，考虑现实情况和动机量刑的必要性。
法律的根本是为了追求公正而非单纯的刑罚，而能够做出合理的处罚并令人信服是体现公正的一部分。同样是伤害他人的结果，主动故意伤害别人与正当防卫对侵犯者造成伤害，动机和发生情景不同会使得整个事件的性质截然不同，前者是在恶意侵犯他人权利而后者是保护自身权利，如果对后者采用同样的刑罚无疑是剥夺了人们保护自己的权利，难以体现法律的公正性。因此，量刑上，考虑更多的情况来做出合理判决是非常有必要。
提纲
范文示例
People have different views on whether fixed penalties should be applied for each type of crime regardless of the circumstances. In my view, punishments should carefully be made under considerations.
On the one hand, there are two reasons to argue that fixing punishments for each type of crime can be beneficial to our society. To begin with, the labelled penalties can act as a deterrent, meaning that people avoid committing crimes as they are clearly informed about the consequences of criminal actions. Next, such initiative could also save social resources as there is a clear setting of punishments for each type of crime, including clear years of prison sentence or the amount of compensation. Therefore, it could speed up the process for the judiciary to come to a conclusion.
On the other hand, I believe any decision made for the crime when imposing penalties should consider the circumstance and motivation for committing it. Firstly, any punishment should be fair and reasonable, and fixed punishment does not apply to all occasions in the case of crime. if a pedestrian who ignored the traffic light, was hit and severely injured by a car, the driver should not be required to take maximum penalty for not reacting timely. And also, the decisions made in court need to consider the motivation of committing crime to ensure justice. For example, killing in self-defence cannot be judged as the same as serial killers who are motivated by the satisfaction of murdering. It can therefore be argued that different occasions and motivations of committing crimes are supposed to be treated differently.
In conclusion, while I can understand why it is attractive for establishing fixed punishments for crime, it seems to me that any closure for an individual crime should take considerations like motivations into account.
相关词汇和语法结构
Consideration 考虑；深思熟虑
Penalty 处罚；刑罚
Deterrent 威慑因素
Initiative 倡议；新方案；积极性
compensation 补偿；赔偿
pedestrian 行人；步行者
timely 及时；适时的
court 法院
judiciary 审判人员；司法系统
occasion 场合；时机
