报告类大作文，社会类话题
The major cities in the world are growing fast, as well as their problems. What are the problems that young people living in cities are facing? How to solve these problems.
题目来源：2021年12月2日亚太雅思大作文（重复2017年11月25日大陆考题）
题目大意
大城市发展很快，问题也很多。住在城市的年轻人会面临什么问题呢？如何解决这些问题
思路解析
这是一道报告类考题，讨论的是年轻人在大城市所遇到的问题，报告类题目结构比较简单，根据问什么答什么的原则，主体段一总结遇到的问题，主体段二分析如何解决。题目难度不大，但这道题目因为经常会反复考，因此同学们可以重点准备下。审题时候注意限定词汇“young people living in cities are facing”，讨论的范畴要围绕着年轻人在大城市遇到的问题，比如像就业问题、生活成本问题等，而像交通堵塞、空气污染这类大城市常用的观点在这题里面是属于偏题的。下面就和大家来具体看下观点
首先来看年轻人会遇到问题，主要就是就业问题、生活成本问题以及未来成家后的孩子教育问题。大城市扩张的过程中，因为其优质的资源会吸引大量年轻人口涌入寻求工作机会以及希望在大城市生活发展。当年轻人数量急剧增加，而就业岗位数量没有大幅度提升后，年轻人面临的就业的竞争压力就会增加。同时大量的人口都有住房需求，无论是租房还是买房，需求一旦提升后，租金以及住房价格也会随之提升，对于刚刚工作不久、工资和存款都不高的年轻人来说，高昂的住房成本无疑会增加他们的生活压力。此外，由于城市户口、住房等限制会影响到孩子能否在大城市获得良好的教育甚至是读书上学的机会，这个不确定因素，让年轻人不得不考虑他们未来是否要在大城市结婚生子安家，特别是那些本身出生在其他地方的人。
然后来看如何解决这些问题。对于就业问题一方面政府可以引进更多大型企业增加就业岗位，另一方面可以鼓励年轻人进行创业，解决自身就业的同时也能创造更多就业岗位。对于住房成本问题，政府可以建立专门的公租房，以较低的价格租赁给年轻人来降低他们的生活成本。此外，也可以从人口分流的角度来解决这个问题，一方面大城市可以设立限入机制，加大外来年轻人进入及居住的门槛，来防止人口的快速扩张，降低人口增加所带来的的竞争压力。另一方面可以加大中小城市的发展，年轻人集中涌入大城市看中的是大城市的资源和机会，如果中小城市也能给个人提供发展资源和机会，那年轻人就会留在当地而不是非得去大城市，变相的降低了大城市的人口问题。
提纲
范文示例
Young people in large cities are struggling with many problems arising from city expansion and I believe that we should take some actions to help them tackle these problems.
Youth unemployment is the first challenge many young people have to overcome in urban areas. Cities are home to many companies, including transnational enterprises, which offer well-paid jobs and attract more and more working people from rural areas. This means that the competition in the job market is increasingly competitive and many people are willing to work long hours without asking for extra pay in exchange for job opportunities. The employment prospect is limited for most young people, especially those who do not have adequate hands-on experience.
The rising cost of living is another problem facing young people living in big cities. The economic boom of these cities has attracted many migrant workers who flock to these cities for job opportunities. The explosive population growth means that the demand for necessities such as medical care, housing and food surges. This is why many young people cannot cover living expenses and afford their first home. They are not able to improve living standards or start a family without working hard.
There are two potential solutions to this problem. Firstly, governments can offer economic incentives to encourage young people to run their own businesses. For example, a tax break can be provided to reduce the start-up cost, and some young adults may choose to run an online shop. This can alleviate the pressure on the labour market. Another method is to allocate more resources to the development of small towns and rural areas. Business organisations may receive financial support from the government to open new branches in these areas, creating jobs to attract young people from cities. This can slow down the population growth of cities.
In conclusion, unemployment and inflation are two problems facing the young generation in cities. Government action is an essential part of the effort to deal with these problems.
相关词汇和语法结构
city expansion 城市扩张
Youth unemployment 青年失业
transnational enterprises 跨国公司
well-paid jobs 高薪工作
hands-on experience 实际工作经验
economic boom 经济繁荣
cover living expenses 支付生活费用
economic incentives 经济刺激
